Dog Bad Breath: When It Signals a Problem

“Doggy breath” is so common that many pet parents think it is normal. But persistent dog bad breath is often a sign of dental disease, and occasionally a clue to a problem elsewhere in the body. The good news is that most causes are treatable.

The most common cause: dental disease

Plaque and tartar build up on teeth, leading to gum inflammation and infection. Signs include:

• Bad breath
• Yellow or brown tartar on teeth
• Red or bleeding gums
• Drooling
• Chewing on one side or dropping food
• Pawing at the mouth

Dental disease is painful and can affect overall health. See why your pet’s dental health matters.

Other causes

• Something stuck between teeth
• Broken teeth
• Eating poop or garbage. See why do dogs eat poop?
• Mouth growths
• Diabetes, which may cause a sweet or fruity odor. See diabetes in dogs.
• Kidney disease, which may cause breath that smells like ammonia. See kidney disease in dogs.
• Liver disease, sometimes with vomiting and yellow gums

When to see a vet soon

Book a vet visit if bad breath:

• Is new or getting worse
• Comes with red gums, loose teeth or bleeding
• Comes with drinking more, weight loss, vomiting or lethargy
• Has a sweet, ammonia or very foul smell

What the vet may do

Your vet will examine the mouth and may recommend a professional dental cleaning under anesthesia. This allows a full cleaning above and below the gumline, X-rays and treatment of any painful teeth. If other health problems are suspected, blood and urine tests may be recommended.

Home care to keep breath fresh

• Brush daily with dog toothpaste. Never use human toothpaste. See how to brush your dog’s teeth.
• Offer dental chews or treats approved for plaque control
• Use dental diets if your vet recommends them
• Schedule regular dental checkups

Breath sprays and water additives can help a little, but they do not replace brushing or cleanings.

Small breeds are at higher risk

Small and toy breeds often have crowded teeth and more dental disease. Start brushing early and keep up with checkups. Puppies who get used to having their mouths handled are much easier to brush as adults, so make tooth time a short, positive routine with praise and a treat afterward.

How an online vet can help

Not sure if your dog’s breath means a dental problem? A clear photo of the teeth and gums can help a vet tell you whether a cleaning is likely needed soon or can wait for the next checkup.

Frequently asked questions

Is bad breath in dogs normal?

Mild breath odor can be normal, but strong or persistent bad breath usually means something needs attention.

Can bad breath be a sign of something serious?

Sometimes. Kidney disease, diabetes and liver problems can change breath odor, so it is worth a vet check.

Worried about your dog’s breath? Ask a vet

Talk to a licensed vet 24/7, even on holidays, by chat, voice call or video call. Your first month is free with code FREEMONTH, then US $9.99/month, at nyptelevet.com/. One membership covers up to 6 pets, and you can cancel anytime.

Our vets can’t prescribe medication, but they’ll tell you what’s likely needed and when an in-person visit is the next step.

Sources

• Halitosis in Dogs, VCA Animal Hospitals
• Dental Disease in Dogs, VCA Animal Hospitals
• Stinky Dog Breath, American Kennel Club